| Developer | Rusbitech |
|---|---|
| OS family | Linux (Unix-like) |
| Working state | Current |
| Available in | Russian, English |
| Update method | APT |
| Package manager | dpkg |
| Platforms | x86-64, ARM, S390, Elbrus 2000 |
| Kernel type | Monolithic |
| Default user interface | fly, twm |
| Official website | www.astralinux.ru |
Astra Linux is a RussianLinux-based computer operating system developed to meet the needs of the Russian army, other armed forces and intelligence agencies.[1] It provides data protection up to the level of 'top secret' in Russian classified information grade. It has been officially certified by Russian Defense Ministry, Federal Service for Technical and Export Control[2] and Federal Security Service.[3]
The ASTRA series is optimal from day to night, bright room or dim with just a tap of your finger. With one wire for the USB hub and a separate one for the keyboard, the ASTRA series is ideal for editing systems that use USB KVM extenders and installations that require data security. Easy to set up and use. UMAX Astra 1220S - flatbed scanner - desktop - SCSI SPKG-13411. UMAX Astra 1220S. OS Required Apple MacOS, Microsoft Windows 95/98, Microsoft Windows NT 4.0. Mac, PC Interface Required.
Specifications[edit]
The white on black Astra Series Xlprint Mac Backlit Keyboard (US) from LogicKeyboard offers five selectable light levels, making it suitable for use in any lighting environment. With one wire for the USB hub and a separate one for the keyboard, it is suitable for editing systems that use USB KVM extenders and installations that require data. Astra Jigsaw USA Edition offers customizable computer jigsaw puzzles for your Mac.You can solve jigsaw puzzles with magnificent sceneries of Yosemite and Grand Canyon, famous cityscapes of New York, Boston and San Francisco, sanctuary northern forests, luxurious southern beaches, and other beautiful pictures of the USA.
The creator of the OS is the Scientific/Manufacturing Enterprise Rusbitech which is applying solutions according to Russian Government decree №2299-р of 17/10/2010 that orders federal authorities and budget institutions to implement Free Software usage.[4]
The OS releases are named after Hero Cities in Russia and CIS. There is one release for 'general purpose' code named 'Oryol' aimed at 'achieving small and mid-business goals'.[5] Other releases are marked 'special purpose' — the 'Smolensk' for x86-64 PCs, 'Tula' for networking hardware, 'Novorossiysk' for ARM mobile devices and 'Murmansk' for IBM System Zmainframes.
Rusbitech also manufactures a 'soft/hardware trusted boot control module' MAKSIM-M1 ('М643М1') with PCI bus. It prevents unauthorized access and offers some other raised digital security features. The module, besides Astra Linux, also supports OSes with Linux kernel 2.6.x up to 5.x.x, as well as several Microsoft Windows OSes.[6]
It is declared the Astra Linux licenses correspond with Russian and international laws and 'don't contradict with the spirit and demands of GPL license'.[7] The system uses .deb packages.[8] Assignment 1 mac os.
Enaturox mac os. Astra Linux is considered a recognized Debian derivative,[9] Rusbitech has partnership relations with The Linux Foundation[10] and The Document Foundation.[11]
Usage[edit]
The Special Edition version (paid) is used in many Russian state-related organizations. Particularly, it is used in the Russian National Center for Defence Control.[12]
Video photo editor for pc. There are talks to deploy mass usage of Astra Linux in numerous state institutions of the Republic of Crimea — legitimate usage of other popular OSes is questionable because of international sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis.[13]
Also there are plans on cooperation of Rusbitech and Huawei.[14][15]
In January 2018, it was announced that Astra Linux was going to be deployed to all Russian Army computers, and Microsoft Windows will be dropped.[16] https://pertorrent.mystrikingly.com/blog/presto-mac-os.
In February 2018, Rusbitech announced it has ported Astra Linux to Russian-made Elbrus microprocessors.[17]
In February 2019, Astra Linux was announced to be implemented at Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant in China.[18]
Huuuge casino 200 free spins. Since 2019 'super-protected' tablet computers branded MIG are available with Astra Linux,[19] smartphones are expected.[20]
In 2019 Gazprom national gas/oil holding announced Astra Linux implementation, in 2020 nuclear corporation Rosatom,[21] in early 2021 Russian Railways was reported to do so.[22]
In 2020, Astra Linux sold more than a million copies in licenses and generated 2 billion rubles in sales.[23]
Version history[edit]
Astra Mac Os Catalina
| Version | Release date | Linux kernel |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2 | 28 October, 2011 | 2.6.34 |
| 1.3 | 26 April, 2013 | 3.2.0[24] |
| 1.4[25] | 19 December, 2014 | 3.16.0 |
| 1.5[26] | 8 April, 2016 | 4.2.0 |
| 1.6 | 12 October, 2018 | 4.15.0 |
| Version | Release date | Linux kernel |
|---|---|---|
| 1.5 | ending of 2009 | 2.6.31 |
| 1.6 | 23 November, 2010 | N/A |
| 1.7[27] | 3 February, 2012 | 2.6.34 |
| 1.9 | 12 February, 2013 | 3.2.0 |
| 1.10[28] | 14 November, 2014 | 3.16.0 |
| 1.11[29] | 17 March, 2016 | 4.2.0 |
| 2.1.2 | 21 August, 2018 | 4.15 |
| 2.1.2.40 | 29 December, 2020 | 5.4 |
References[edit]
Astra Mac Os X
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Astra Linux. |
Astra Mask
- ^Звезда по имени Linux: почему 'военные' ОС прочнее(in Russian)
- ^(in Russian)http://fstec.ru/en/
- ^(in Russian)http://www.astra-linux.com/sertifikat.htmlArchived 2018-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^(in Russian)http://www.computerra.ru/vision/609608/
- ^(in Russian)http://rusbitech.ru/products/os/11/Archived 2014-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^'Archived copy' (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^'Archived copy' (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^'Archived copy' (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^'Derivatives/Census/AstraLinux - Debian Wiki'.
- ^(in Russian)http://www.cnews.ru/news/line/2019-02-19_gk_astra_linux_rasshiryaet_sotrudnichestvo_s_the
- ^'The Document Foundation welcomes RusBITech in the project Advisory Board'. 6 October 2015.
- ^(in Russian)http://spbit.ru/news/n119990/
- ^(in Russian)n:ru:Власти Крыма планируют переход на Linux из-за санкций — Russian Wikinews, 22.07.2015
- ^'Huawei, RusBITex to design information protection systems'.
- ^(in Russian)http://e.huawei.com/ru/news/ru/2015/201510111513
- ^https://www.zdnet.com/article/russian-military-moves-closer-to-replacing-windows-with-astra-linux/
- ^(in Russian)http://www.astralinux.com/home/novosti/469-rbt-elbrus.htmlArchived 2018-02-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^(in Russian)http://corp.cnews.ru/news/line/2019-02-05_rossijskaya_os_astra_linux_vnedrena_na_tyanvanskoj
- ^(in Russian)https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2020-01-23_rossijskij_zashchishchennyj_planshet
- ^(in Russian)https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3999021
- ^(in Russian)https://www.ixbt.com/news/2020/12/18/800-astra-linux.html
- ^(in Russian)https://company.rzd.ru/ru/9397/page/104069?id=260438
- ^'The Russian distribution of Astra Linux has passed the milestone of 1 million licenses'. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^Основные компонентыArchived 2015-01-27 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
- ^Операционная система 'Astra Linux Special Edition' релиз 'Смоленск' (версия 1.4)(in Russian)
- ^Завершен инспекционный контроль версии 1.5 релиза 'Смоленск' операционной системы специального назначения 'Astra Linux Special Edition'Archived 2016-05-08 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
- ^Вышла версия 1.7 релиза Astra Linux Common Edition (Orel)Archived 2018-04-19 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
- ^Вышла новая версия 'Astra Linux Common Edition' 1.10 - релиз 'Орёл'Archived 2015-08-11 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
- ^'Вышла фиксированная версия 1.11 релиза 'Орёл''. Archived from the original on 2016-04-21. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
Astro Mac Software
